What is the official NCARB stance of PV Panel Angles?
The old think was that they are mounted at the same angle as Latitude to maximize energy output.
The New Think is that panels should be mounted horizontal like a flat roof b/c this has been found to have a higher energy output by FAIA architects who specialize in BIPV stuff. (this may even be in the latest IBC code cycles too)
so which one is the 'correct' answer on the ARE?
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From Sun, Wind, Light: Architectural Design Strategies. p.246
Photovoltaic cells (PVs) convert sunlight to direct current (DC) electricity. Like any solar collection surface, photovoltaics collect more sun when oriented properly. A true equator-facing orientation maximizes yield. Orient solar collection surfaces within 30° of south (N in SH). At higher latitudes, winter yield will be significantly reduced for non-south orientation (non-N in SH). At tropical latitudes, because the sun is high, tilt can be more important than orientation [see ROOMS FACING THE SUN AND WIND].
Maximize production with Recommended PV Tilts at an angle above horizontal as follows: winter, latitude plus 15°; summer, latitude minus 15°; annual production, equal to the site's latitude. For PV sizing, see details in PHOTOVOLTAIC WALLS AND ROOFS.
Collectors may be mounted on flat or sloping roofs, or on south-facing walls. Vertical mounting will reduce out- put substantially, especially at lower latitudes and in summer, when the sun is at a higher altitude angle.
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